FLOWERS
ANDROECIUM – male part of the flower
ANTHER – at the tip of the stamen, carrying pollen
CALYX – the group of sepals
CANDLES – spikes of horsechestnut flowers
CATKINS – collections of flowers hanging down – each catkin being of one sex – eg.birches, willows, walnut and poplar
COROLLA – the group of petals
CORYMB – the flowers form a flattened head the outer having longer stalks than the inner
CROSS-POLLINATION – tree is either male or female and a different sexed tree is needed to produce seeds
DIOECIOUS – male and female flowers held on separate trees, eg. Holly
GYNOECIUM – female part of the flower
HERMAPHRODITE – containing both male and female parts and can fertilise self
INFLORESCENCE – more than one flower on a stem
INVOLUCRE – leaf like form surrounding flowers and fruits
MONOECIOUS – male and female flowers held on same tree, eg. Hazel
OVARY – female part of the flower which will produce the seeds from the ovules
OVULES – after fertilisation these develop into seeds
PANICLE – flowers grouped on the top of a stem
PEDICEL – flower stalk
PEDUNCLE – stalk of a flower cluster
PERIANTH SEGMENT – sepals and petals, in some flowers these are the same – as trees are often wind pollinated they are often reduced in size
PETALS – usually brightly coloured and enlarged, they grow between the sepals and the reproductive organs
PISTIL – ovary, style and stigma
POLLEN – male spores held in/on the anthers
RACEMES – flowers sit on stalks and are grouped along central stalk
SELF-POLLINATION – tree contains both male and female parts and can produce seeds alone
SEPALS – small leaves underneath the petals
SPIKE – a group of flowers
STAMEN – male part of the flower, being usually a long stalk carrying the anthers at the top
STIGMA – receives the pollen
STYLE – slender part linking the stigma to the ovary.
FRUIT
ACHENE – one seeded fruit, usually small and hard
ACORN – oak fruit
ANGIOSPERM – seeds are enclosed in an ovary, eg. Apple
BERRY – seeds surrounded by a fleshy covering
CAPSULE – mature fruit with hard case which will split and release the seeds
CONES – flowers and fruit of conifer – males produce pollen, female seeds - the hard brown familiar cones are known as ‘naked seed’ as they have no outer covering – dispersed by the wind
CONKER – fruit of the horse chestnut tree
DEHISCENT – opening to release the contents
DRUPE – seed contained within a hard casing and a fleshy outer covering eg. Cherry
GYMNOSPERM – seeds not enclosed in an ovary eg. Cones of the conifers
HYBRID – cross between two genetically dissimilar plants
INFRUCTESCENCE – a group of fruits on a stem
LEGUME – seeds contained within a pod long structure which opens along one side – pea family
MAST – fruit of beech
NUTS – seed with hard outer casing, dispersed by birds and mammals
PERICARP – the cells of the ovary which surround the seeds, formed after fertilisation
POME – seeds with a fleshy outer layer and an inner layer protecting the seeds, eg. Pear, apple
SAMARA – winged fruit eg. Ash key, containing one seed - dispersed by the wind – can form a double samara
A – samara B – drupe
C – capsule D – acorn nut
E – conker capsule F - cone
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